NATURAL

UNIT 5 "MATTER AND DENSITY"

RESUMEN

RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL

MIND MAP

VIDEOS AND 

 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

SUMMARY

RESUMEN

GLOSSARY

 UNIT 3

THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING

RESOURCES

1. Glossary 

2. Summary

3. Resumen

               HISTORY OF COMPUTING

Ancient Computers

• 1642: Blaise Pascal – First mechanical calculator.
• 1801: Joseph Jacquard – Punched cards for looms.
• 1837: Charles Babbage – Analytical Engine.
• 1848: Ada Lovelace – First computer program.
• 1884: Herman Hollerith – Tabulating machine.

Modern Computers

• 1941: Alan Turing – First electronic computer (Colossus) and Enigma code-breaking.
• 1944: Howard Aiken & IBM – First multifunctional computer.
• 1953: IBM – First mass-produced computer.
• 1958: First integrated circuit.
• 1960s: First microprocessor.
• 1974: Intel 8080 microprocessor.
• 1970s: Apple II.
• 1980: IBM – First personal computer.

Internet

• 1980s: Computers in institutions started sharing information.
• 1989: Tim Berners-Lee – Internet protocol and World Wide Web.

Wi-Fi

• 1942: Hedy Lamarr & George Antheil – Wi-Fi technology to prevent enemies from intercepting U.S. radio signals.
• 1990s: Modern Wi-Fi technology.

EXERCISE 1 PAGE 54     AUDIO

 

EARTH´S SPHERES

ATMOSPHERE: all the gases that surround the Earth.

BIOSPHERE: all the living things on Earth.

GEOSPHERE: solid part of the Earth (made up of solid rock).

HYDROSPHERE: all the water on Earth.

EARTH'S LAYERS

CORE: one of the geosphere's three layers. It's at the centre of the

Earth.It is made up of liquid and solid iron. It´s divided into the outer core (liquid) and the inner core (solid).

CRUST: outer layer of the geosphere, made up of solid rock.

MANTLE: one of the geosphere's three layers. It's below the crust

and above the core. It is made up of liquid rock and semi-liquid rock (magma).

TECTONIC PLATES

https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/plate-tectonics/346101

Here’s a short description of the 3 types of plate tectonics:

1. DIVERGENT PLATES: Divergent plates pull apart from each other.
2. CONVERGENT PLATES: Convergent plates push boundaries together.
3. TRANSFORM (CONSERVATIVE) PLATES: Conservative (transform) plate boundaries slide across from each other.

Tectonic plates, an interactive worksheet by sadiasana

liveworksheets.com

VOCANOES 🌋

Volcanoes, an interactive worksheet by Ms. Ruchi Nair
liveworksheets.com

Volcano, an interactive worksheet by Diana Melendez Gutierrez
liveworksheets.com

EARTHQUAKES

Seismic movements and earthquakes, an interactive worksheet by AlbertoPuerta
liveworksheets.com

The Earth’s relief means the shape of the land: mountains, valleys, plains, cliffs, beaches…

• 💧 Water changes the land in different ways:

  • Rain can slowly wear down rocks and soil.

  • Rivers carry rocks and sand, digging valleys and making wide plains.

  • Waves hit the coast, breaking rocks and shaping cliffs and beaches.

  • Glaciers (big rivers of ice) scrape the land, leaving U-shaped valleys.

• 🌬️ Wind also changes the land:

  • It can erode (wear away) rocks and soil, especially in deserts.

  • It moves sand and forms dunes.

  • Over time, it can carve strange shapes in rocks.

👉 Together, water and wind erode, transport, and deposit materials, which means they wear away rocks, carry them, and leave them in new places. That’s why the Earth’s relief is always changing!